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Kinematics of Trauma Bill

Introduction

ü pre-traumatic phase: conditions that induced the traumatic incident (alcohol intake, intake drug, preexisting medical conditions. Ü

Phase effect: a moving object moves against another object. The second may be mobile or stationary.

Kinematics: is the procedure by which we analyze an accident or traumatic event and determine the damage that might occur as a result of the forces and movements involved. Ü
should be considered in any scenario of an accident. Ü
serves as a guide to predict: possible injury, seek, evaluate and treat. Ü

Newton's Law: a body at rest will stay at rest, a body in motion remains in motion unless a force acts on it. Ü
energy can not be created nor destroyed but merely changes the way (thermal, electrical, area, heating, mechanical, etc) ü

Kinetic energy: mass x (v) 2 / 2 EV = mx

v2 / 2


Trauma:

ü Closed: cavitation (drop)
ü Open: Penetrating Trauma
ü closed two types of forces involved:
ü Gearbox: tear, shear, acceleration, deceleration .

Areas involved:

-Head-Thorax (descending aorta)

-tips-
Abdomen Abdomen: injuries to the mesentery attachment point, these are kidney, small intestine, large intestine, spleen and liver.

or compression:

are caused by crushing and clamping force can affect both the external structure of the body and internal organs.
can cause different damages:
-head: skull fracture, bleeding, bruising of the brain (severe injury)
-Chest: External compression causes:
-wheel rib fractures and chest
-cardiac contusion (arrhythmia)
-contusion (pneumothorax)
-Shock seeks lateral rib fractures and

pelvis or pelvis and abdomen:

-laceration
blood vessels (pelvic area)
-Rupture of the pancreas, spleen, liver and kidneys occasionally. Ü

injuries increased abdominal pressure diaphragm
-tear-Rupture
aortic valve.

motor vehicle accidents

There are three types of collisions:
- Automotive
against object - Passenger car against
- Internal organs against the body cavity

Frontal impact causes dislocation of knee, femur, acetabulum. Impact

later: occur on a stationary object or moving slowly, it is beaten by causing a movement behind the acceleration. Ü
damage occurs because of differences in speed of both vehicles. Ü
should investigate the causes of rear impact. Side impact

: The first vehicle is in the same place but it is damaged and deformed by the impact.
The second vehicle traveling in the opposite direction to the point of impact.
The impact energy is transformed in damage to vehicle causing the displacement of the vehicle. ROPS

ü Impact repeatedly from different angles. Injuries occur and various damages, are virtually impossible to predict. Ü

seatbelt: it is known that one of every thirteen victims of accidents are expelled for not using seat belts. They produce the impact of the blow on the vehicle and the impact of striking the ground. Ü
who do not use seat belts has six times more likely to die to be ejected from the vehicle. Ü

Injury from the seatbelt:
-Rupture of the diaphragm
-lumbar spine fracture T12, L1, L2. Injuries
-face, head, neck board or steering wheel impact.

AIRBAG

ü cushion the forward movement only. Ü
effect only in the first collision in frontal impact ü
are not effective in side or rear impacts. Ü
should be used in combination with seat belt

Ø motorcycle accidents, injuries occur:

front-impact-impact-ejection angular

ü pedestrian accidents: two kinds of pedestrians Ü Adult
tries to protect himself and turns, side impact pelvis level. Ü Child
face without moving the vehicle frontal impact. Ø

Falls: multiple impact injuries. Should be evaluated fall height, surface on which it falls, it hits the body first.

explosion or injury, also has three types of impact. You must determine distance between explosion and victim. Ø

Penetrating injuries: there are different factors that affect the area are damaged this profile, the bearing and fragmentation. Ø

Sports injuries: produced by:
-sharp slowdown

-compression-torsion over
-hyperextension or hyperflexion.

Ø In all types of injury should always evaluate:
ü-threatening injuries
Mechanism of Injury ü ü
Use of protective equipment
ü Force
injury occurred ü Possible associated injuries

In lesions by white or fire weapons should be evaluated:
ü Degree of injury and
energy inputs and outputs Wounds ü ü
multiple wounds and injuries associated
ü ü
Sex attacker's known position of the victim, attacker and weapon used. Ü
low-energy injuries, multiple injuries should be discarded and movements of the weapon in a circulation. Ü
injury by high energy: simple or caliber bullet.